Certe cose, alle volte, non sono poi troppo difficili da spiegare
La patologia del management delle risorse naturali secondo Holling
L'idea di Minsky che la stabilità genera instabilità è un tema importante in ecologia. La "Patologia del management delle risorse naturali è descritta come segue da Holling and Meffe :
“Quando si riduce il dominio di variazioni naturali in un sistema, il sistema perde resilienza.”
Holling’s “Pathology of Natural Resource Management”
Minsky’s
idea that stability breeds instability is an important theme in the
field of ecology. The “Pathology of Natural Resource Management” is
described by Holling and Meffe as follows:
“when the range of natural variation in a system is reduced, the system loses resilience.”
Se il giunco si piega l'onda passa.
ReplyDeleteAl contrario, chi non si piega si spezza.
Ovviamente, ma non troppo ovviamente,
è un piegarsi diverso dal sottomettersi.
Diciamo che è una rigida flessibilità.
Ovvero la resilienza.
SPASSO
Sempre Possasi Ancora Scherzare Senza Ostacoli
Marco Sclarandis
Gli esseri umani sono invidiati dagli Dei, poiché gli umani si trovano a metà strada tra Terra e Cielo e possono godere dei benefici d’entrambi i regni. Posseggono un intelletto in grado di sfiorar stelle e galassie, ma hanno anche uno stomaco dall'indole selvaggia e primordiale, un fuoco che sa di vita libera e pulsante. Guai però a quegli umani che si credano Dei oppure animali: il loro comportamento sarà per essi (e chi gli è appresso) il peggiore degli inferni. Peggio ancora per quegli sciocchi che credono d'esser immortali e potenti come Dei e feroci ed inconsapevoli come belve. A questi sciocchi spetterà il peggio in assoluto: il consumismo prima e l’estinzione poi, ossia la disperazione camuffata da gioia ed incalzata da una precoce morte. Sia chiaro, l’Universo e gli Dei non odiano la stupidità, ma, nel lungo periodo, non la tollerano. Semplicemente la stupidità non è né una virtù, né una dote che possa aumentare le probabilità di sopravvivenza. Pensare che l’Universo o gli Dei possano far un’eccezione per noi soltanto è da stupidi, o, se preferite, da consumisti in procinto d’estinguersi. La resilienza può sembrare la più materiale delle doti, ma include in sé spiritualità, intelligenza, bellezza, moderazione e rispetto.
ReplyDeleteOttimo articolo. Le sue conclusioni sono chiarissime, ma come implementarle e' tutt'altro che facile. E sono completamente d'accordo su una conclusione in particolare:
ReplyDelete"Ironically, our attempts at command and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood, and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
the fundamental source of the problem-human population growth and consumption-where control is viable, reasonable, and could be effective.
Ma non direi che cio' sia "ironico". E' molto piu semplicemente imbecille. E quindi come potra' mai una massa di imbecilli innammorata di loro stessi (l'umanita) gestire dei fenomeni cosi' complessi? (lo farebbero molto meglio degli orangutan)
La cosa piu semplice sarebbe di ridurre (e di molto) i nostri properi numeri e consumi, e lasciare la natura, le risorse, e l'ecologia in santa pace. Dato che fra l'altro il 99% di coloro che cercano di gestirle non ci capiscono proprio un bel niente.
"Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Rather than pursuing short-term gain through command
and control, effective natural resource management that
promotes long-term system viability must be based on an
understanding of the key processes that structure and
drive ecosystems, and on acceptance of both the natural
ranges of ecosystem variation and the constraints of that
variation for long-term success and sustainability. This is
especially urgent when the growth of the human population
and its consumption of resources is added to the
picture, as it always must be (Meffe et al. 1993). Despite
our penchant to control so many systems through command-
and-control techniques, with a few conspicuous
exceptions the underlying problem of population growth
is often ignored. Ironically, our attempts at command
and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood,
and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
the fundamental source of the problem-human population
growth and consumption-where control is viable,
reasonable, and could be effective. A rapidly increasing
human population and increasing consumption is resulting
in greater demands on and competition for dwindling
and increasingly damaged natural resources. The
resource problems we encounter today can only multiply
as the human population grows, which means that
the errors of command and control will be compounded,
which will only lead to calls for more command and
control by those who do not fundamentally understand
the pathology outlined herein. This highlights the urgency
of quickly changing our fundamental approaches
to natural resource management and developing solutions
and appropriate models of management behavior
while time and resources still permit.
Command-and-control management can lead to shortterm
economic returns, but it also increases the vulnerability
of ecosystems to perturbations that otherwise
could be absorbed. Any move toward truly sustainable
human endeavors must incorporate this principle or it
cannot succeed. Our observations are also pertinent to
the present move toward ecosystem management in the
United States and elsewhere. If ecosystem management
is to be more than another buzzword, then there is no
substitute for understanding the structure and dynamics
of natural ecosystems over spatial and temporal scales
covering several orders of magnitude. The role of variation
in structuring ecosystems and maintaining their resilience,
and managing within the constraints of that
structure and dynamics, is critical. We must also modify
our institutions and policies to recognize the pathology
described herein and to root out similar pathologies in
institutional and policy behaviors. To ignore this is to
perpeturate the pathology of natural resource management
and place ecosystems and humanity at great risk."
Ottimo articolo. Le sue conclusioni sono chiarissime, ma come implementarle e' tutt'altro che facile. E sono completamente d'accordo su una conclusione in particolare:
ReplyDelete"Ironically, our attempts at command and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood, and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
the fundamental source of the problem-human population growth and consumption-where control is viable, reasonable, and could be effective.
Ma non direi che cio' sia "ironico". E' molto piu' semplicemente stupido. E quindi come potra' mai una massa di stupidi innammorata di loro stessi (l'umanita') gestire dei fenomeni cosi' complessi? (lo farebbero sicuramente molto meglio degli orangutan)
La cosa piu semplice sarebbe di ridurre (e di molto) i nostri propri numeri e consumi, e lasciare la natura, le risorse, e l'ecologia in pace. Dato che fra l'altro il 99% di coloro che cercano di gestirle non ci capiscono niente. E le altre conclusioni dell'articolo (sotto) sono altrettanto importanti.
"Conclusions:
Rather than pursuing short-term gain through command
and control, effective natural resource management that
promotes long-term system viability must be based on an
understanding of the key processes that structure and
drive ecosystems, and on acceptance of both the natural
ranges of ecosystem variation and the constraints of that
variation for long-term success and sustainability. This is
especially urgent when the growth of the human population
and its consumption of resources is added to the
picture, as it always must be (Meffe et al. 1993). Despite
our penchant to control so many systems through command-
and-control techniques, with a few conspicuous
exceptions the underlying problem of population growth
is often ignored. Ironically, our attempts at command
and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood,
and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
the fundamental source of the problem-human population
growth and consumption-where control is viable,
reasonable, and could be effective. A rapidly increasing
human population and increasing consumption is resulting
in greater demands on and competition for dwindling
and increasingly damaged natural resources. The
resource problems we encounter today can only multiply
as the human population grows, which means that
the errors of command and control will be compounded,
which will only lead to calls for more command and
control by those who do not fundamentally understand
the pathology outlined herein. This highlights the urgency
of quickly changing our fundamental approaches
to natural resource management and developing solutions
and appropriate models of management behavior
while time and resources still permit.
Command-and-control management can lead to shortterm
economic returns, but it also increases the vulnerability
of ecosystems to perturbations that otherwise
could be absorbed. Any move toward truly sustainable
human endeavors must incorporate this principle or it
cannot succeed. Our observations are also pertinent to
the present move toward ecosystem management in the
United States and elsewhere. If ecosystem management
is to be more than another buzzword, then there is no
substitute for understanding the structure and dynamics
of natural ecosystems over spatial and temporal scales
covering several orders of magnitude. The role of variation
in structuring ecosystems and maintaining their resilience,
and managing within the constraints of that
structure and dynamics, is critical. We must also modify
our institutions and policies to recognize the pathology
described herein and to root out similar pathologies in
institutional and policy behaviors. To ignore this is to
perpeturate the pathology of natural resource management
and place ecosystems and humanity at great risk."